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Christmas takes a long time to build up nowadays, especially as the retail sector tries to makes the most of this peak selling period. Walk around the high streets in October and you will see the first displays of Christmas decorations being lovingly put together by specialist merchandisers. Even as early as the third week in November garden centres will be receiving the first of their Christmas tree orders, but there is nothing like the arrival of the first box of Mistletoe to bring home the magic of Christmas.
Mistletoe has always been a bit of an enigma, and although it's a parasite on some of our native deciduous plants it holds such a serene beauty that it's captured the imagination of European cultures throughout the ages. Thankfully, as a native to the UK, it’s relative easy to grow mistletoe from seed, but along with the decline of our fruit industry – the apple tree is one of its predominant host plants - the mistletoe is no longer as common as it had once been. But with a little effort, and a touch of patience, your garden may well provide the next host for this beautiful and enigmatic species.
To save leaving seed germination to chance, you can improve your germination rates by following these six tips for successfully growing mistletoe.
1. The best time to propagate mistletoe is from March to April when the seed is fully ripe. Try to obtain seed from a host plant similar to the one you want to sow onto as this gives the best chance of germination. If you are obtaining your seed from shop bought mistletoe the chances are that they have been imported in from French apple groves located in Normandy and Brittany. If the berries have been stored then re-hydrate them for a few hours in a little water. Whether they are fresh or stored, the seed will need to be squeezed out of the berry, along with a quantity of its sticky , viscous flesh, known as viscin.
2. Harvest intact berries only, because if the berry skin ruptures the contents inside will harden hindering germination. Unfortunately germination rates for mistletoe seed can be quite low as only about 10% of their seeds survive to becoming a mature plant. With this in mind it's advisable to propagate at least twenty seeds, as when mature mistletoe will require both male and female plants to produce berries.
3. When choosing your host tree bare in mind the mistletoe's preferences – apples are first, then poplars, limes, false acacia, and then hawthorn. Occasionally they have been known to grow on oak.
4. Select a branch 10cm (4in) or more in girth, preferably on a tree at least 15 years old. If possible sow seeds in the crooks of the higher branches so that sufficient light can reach the seedlings as they grows Mark each berry with some coloured string to identify where they have been positioned. Alternatively make shallow cuts into the bark, remove the seed coats from the seeds, and insert them under the bark flaps. Cover the flaps with hessian and secure the bark back in place with twine protecting the seed from birds.
5. Germination is fairly rapid and a short green hypocotyl (a growing tip which bears the embryonic leaves) should appear and bend to make contact with the host bark. At this stage these tiny plants are particularly susceptible to grazing invertebrates and birds. They are also prone to dehydration until their roots have connected with the hosts vascular system. If all goes well the hypocotyl will remain unchanged until the following February. Only then will a small new plant appear.
6. As the mistletoe develops the host branch will begin to swell in girth. Growth of this juvenile plant will remain slow taking five years to reach berrying-size. If either all male, or all female plants develop you can attach more seeds the mistletoe parent plant. Strangely mistletoe will readily act as a host to its own parasitic seed.
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For more information click onto the links below:
Can you Plant up a Christmas Tree after Christmas?
Can you Replant a Christmas Tree?
Christmas cactus
Christmas Cactus Care
Cloves and Cinnamon - Spices with the Sweet Scent of Christmas
Gardening Jobs For December
How Does Mistletoe Grow
How to Grow Mistletoe from Seed
How to Propagate and Grow Mistletoe
Merry Christmas - From Where I Live
Poinsettia History and Tradition Story
Recipe for Christmas Pudding
The History of Mistletoe Tradition
The History of the Christmas Tree
Traditional English Christmas Pudding Recipe
Types and Varieties of Christmas Tree
What has the Christmas cactus got to do with Christmas?
What is Mistletoe?
3 comments:
Hi Simon,
No need for the cutting of slits in the bark, or the hessian coverings - both are old, counterproductive, mistletoe-growing myths still (for some mysterious reason) put out by the RHS etc.
I'll be doing some updates (with new pics) to the mistletoe growing info on my site www.mistletoe.org.uk soon. You've already quoted from this (directly or indirectly). The BBC gardening website info on growing mistletoe is also being updated soon (that still has the 'cut-a-slit' stuff at present).
Jonathan Briggs
Thank you for these tips, we have a well established male mistletoe, but have had trouble getting the female to take, despit many years of trying - here's hoping for 2010, all the best , Cat
That is such a cool idea! Only problem, am Down Under (South Island, NZ). Mistletoe grows wild here in the black beech trees away up the Dart River. I should be able to harvest September/October and try beech trees closer to home, yes?
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